What is microneedling and what are the benefits?

How does microneedling work?

Microneedling works by creating controlled micro-injuries in the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin. The epidermis consists of keratinocytes (skin cells), melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), and Langerhans cells (immune cells). The epidermis protects the skin from external factors, such as sun exposure, pollution, and bacteria.

When the needles penetrate the epidermis, they cause minor bleeding and inflammation, which activates the skin’s healing response. The skin releases growth factors, cytokines (signaling molecules), and platelets (blood cells) to repair the damaged tissue. The skin also stimulates fibroblasts (cells that produce collagen and elastin) to synthesize new collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis, which is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis consists of collagen (structural protein), elastin (elastic protein), blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands (oil-producing glands). The dermis provides strength, elasticity, and nourishment to the skin.

The new collagen and elastin fibers fill in the gaps created by the needles, resulting in thicker and smoother skin. The increased blood flow also improves the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, enhancing their function and appearance.

What are the cosmetic uses and benefits of microneedling?

Microneedling has many cosmetic uses and benefits for both men and women who want to improve their skin quality and appearance. Here are some of the most common ones:

Reducing wrinkles and fine lines. Microneedling can help reduce wrinkles and fine lines by increasing collagen and elastin production, which plumps up the skin and smooths out creases. Microneedling can also improve the absorption of anti-aging products, such as retinoids or vitamin C serums, which can further enhance the results.
Fading scars and stretch marks. Microneedling can help fade scars and stretch marks by breaking down scar tissue and stimulating new tissue formation. Microneedling can be effective for various types of scars, such as acne scars, surgical scars, burn scars, or keloid scars. Microneedling can also improve the appearance of stretch marks by increasing skin elasticity and reducing discoloration.
Minimizing pores. Microneedling can help minimize pores by removing dirt, oil, and debris from the pores and shrinking them with collagen remodeling. Microneedling can also reduce sebum production, which can prevent clogged pores and acne.
Evening out skin tone. Microneedling can help even out skin tone by reducing hyperpigmentation (dark spots) or hypopigmentation (light spots) caused by sun damage, aging, hormones, or inflammation. Microneedling can also improve melasma (brown patches) by inhibiting melanin synthesis (pigment production) in the melanocytes.
Enhancing skin glow. Microneedling can help enhance skin glow by improving blood circulation, oxygenation, hydration, and nutrient delivery to the skin cells. Microneedling can also remove dead skin cells and reveal a fresh layer of skin underneath.

How is microneedling performed?

Microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that does not require anesthesia or downtime. The procedure takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete, depending on the area treated and the depth of penetration. The procedure involves the following steps:

Consultation. Before getting microneedling, you should consult with a qualified professional, such as a dermatologist or an aesthetician. The professional will evaluate your medical history, your skin type, your skin condition, your goals, and your expectations. The professional will also determine if you are a good candidate for microneedling or if you have any contraindications, such as active skin infections, blood disorders, or pregnancy. The professional will also design a personalized treatment plan for you, based on the number of sessions, the needle size, and the serum type.
Preparation. Before getting microneedling, you should prepare your skin by following the pre-treatment instructions given by your provider. These may include avoiding sun exposure, waxing, tanning, or using retinoids or other harsh products for at least a week before the treatment. You should also cleanse your skin and remove any makeup before the treatment.
Procedure. During the procedure, your provider will cleanse your skin again and apply a topical numbing cream to reduce any discomfort. Your provider will then use a handheld device that has multiple fine needles attached to it. The device can be adjusted to different speeds and depths, depending on the area and the goal of the treatment. Your provider will glide the device over your skin in a circular or linear motion, creating tiny punctures in the epidermis. Your provider may also apply a serum to your skin during or after the treatment, depending on the type of microneedling device used. The serum may contain ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, growth factors, or stem cells, which can enhance the results of microneedling by hydrating, brightening, or rejuvenating the skin.
Recovery. After the procedure, your provider will apply a moisturizer and a sunscreen to your skin to protect it from dryness and sun damage. You can resume your normal activities right after the procedure, but you should avoid sun exposure, heat, sweat, or makeup for at least 24 hours after the treatment. You may experience some redness, swelling, or bruising after the procedure, but they usually subside within a few days. You should also follow the post-treatment instructions given by your provider, which may include using gentle cleansers and products that are suitable for your skin type.

How often should you get microneedling?

The frequency of microneedling depends on your individual factors, such as your skin type, condition, goals, and response to the treatment. However, as a general rule of thumb, you should get microneedling every four to six weeks until you achieve your desired results. You may need four to six sessions for mild to moderate concerns, such as wrinkles or scars. You may need more sessions for severe or chronic concerns, such as deep scars or stretch marks. You should also get maintenance sessions every three to six months to preserve your results.

Summary

Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure that can improve the appearance and quality of your skin by stimulating its natural healing process. Microneedling uses thin needles to create tiny punctures in the top layer of your skin, which triggers the production of collagen and elastin. These proteins are essential for keeping your skin firm, smooth, and elastic. Microneedling can help you address various skin concerns, such as wrinkles, scars, stretch marks, pores, and pigmentation. Microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that does not require anesthesia or downtime. The procedure takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete and involves four main steps: consultation, preparation, procedure, and recovery. You may need multiple sessions to achieve optimal results and maintenance sessions to preserve them. Microneedling is suitable for most skin types and concerns but may have some contraindications or side effects. Therefore, it is important to consult with your doctor before getting microneedling and follow their instructions and advice. Microneedling can help you look better and feel better but it is not a miracle cure or a substitute for a healthy lifestyle.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information and should not replace professional medical advice. Consult a dermatologist for personalized recommendations.